Each bonsai tree is unique and different, but shapes can be classified in different groups, each having its own specifications and particularities.

Chokkan (formal upright)

This is the most common shape for bonsai trees. The trunk is straight and vertical, and is usually wider at the base than at the top. It resembles what can be observed naturally in nature when growing conditions are optimal.

Moyogi (informal upright)

This style is also common in bonsai trees. In nature it reflects an environment with changing winds. The tree is in a ‘S’ shape. To create balance in your bonsai, make sure that the branches are placed on each curve.

Shakan (slanting)

In nature, this shape happens when wind is blowing in one dominant direction. On your bonsai tree, make sure that the first branch is on the opposite side of the tilting to create balance.

Hokidachi (broom)

This style is most suited for deciduous trees : their extensive, fine branching will create homogeneity in this shape. The trunk is upright and does not continue to the top of the tree.

Kengai (cascade)

These types of bonsai trees are planted in tall pots and are forced to grow downward. The branches should grow horizontally, in order to maintain a general good balance for the tree.

Hankengai (semi-cascade)

This style is very similar to kengai style, except that the trunk does not fall as low. The crown is usually just above the rim of the pot and other branches are below.

Fukinagashi (windswept)

In nature, this shape happens when wind is blowing in one dominant direction and is so strong that it forces all branches to only grow on one side of the trunk, or at least bent in that direction eventually.

Bunjingi (literati)

In nature this shape happens when the tree is in competition for light with many others. The truck is usually free of any branch except at the crown, where there are only a few.

Sekijoju (on a rock)

In nature, this will resemble a tree growing on rocky terrain where they are forced to search for nutrient rich soil with their roots. The roots then grow a special bark around them.

Ishisuki (in a rock)

In this style the roots of the tree are growing in the cracks and holes of the rock. Because the access to nutrients is complex, the tree will always look scarce and simple.

Sokan (dual trunk)

While this style is common in nature, it is not that common in bonsai trees. Usually the thicker trunk will grow upright, while the smaller trunk will grow slanted.

Ikadabuki (raft)

This happens in nature when the tree falls down, and the branches become new trunks. These new trunks will develop their own branches and they will look like several trees growing on a laid-down trunk..

Yoseue (forest)

This style consists in several trees growing in the same pot. The most developed tree should be planted in the middle for the best harmony. The trees are usually planted in a staggered pattern, to resemble a forest.